Linux and git basic commands

Linux commands:-

ls - The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories pwd - Print working directory command in Linux cd - Linux command to navigate through directories mkdir - Command used to create directories in Linux mv - Move or rename files in Linux cp - Similar usage as mv but for copying files in Linux rm - Delete files or directories touch - Create blank/empty files In - Create symbolic links (shortcuts) to other files cat - Display file contents on the terminal clear - Clear the terminal display echo - Print any text that follows the command less - Linux command to display paged outputs in the terminal man - Access manual pages for all Linux commands uname - Linux command to get basic information about the OS whoami - Get the active username tar - Command to extract and compress files in Linux grep - Search for a string within an output head - Return the specified number of lines from the top tail - Return the specified number of lines from the bottom diff - Find the difference between two files cmp - Allows you to check if two files are identical comm - Combines the functionality of diff and cmp sort - Linux command to sort the content of a file while outputting export - Export environment variables in Linux zip - Zip files in Linux unzip - Unzip files in Linux ssh - Secure Shell command in Linux service - Linux command to start and stop services ps - Display active processes kill and killall - Kill active processes by process ID or name df - Display disk filesystem information mount - Mount file systems in Linux chmod - Command to change file permissions chown - Command for granting ownership of files or folders ifconfig - Display network interfaces and IP addresses traceroute - Trace all the network hops to reach the destination wget - Direct download files from the internet ufw - Firewall command iptables - Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with apt, pacman, yum, rpm - Package managers depending on the distro sudo - Command to escalate privileges in Linux cal - View a command-line calendar alias - Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used commands dd - Majorly used for creating bootable USB sticks whereis - Locate the binary, source, and manual pages for a command whatis - Find what a command is used for top - View active processes live with their system usage useradd and usermod - Add new user or change existing users data passwd - Create or update passwords for existing users

git and github commands :-

1. SETUP (Configuring user information used across all local repositories) git config --global user.name “name” - set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history

   git config --global user.email “email-id” - set an email address that will be associated with each history marker

2. SETUP & INIT (Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories) git init - initialize an existing directory as a Git repository git clone {url} - retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL

3. STAGE & SNAPSHOT (Working with snapshots and the Git staging area) git status - show modified files in the working directory, staged for your next commit git add {file} - add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage) git reset {file}- unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory git diff - diff of what is changed but not staged git diff --staged - diff of what is staged but not yet committed git commit -m “{message}” - commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot

4. BRANCH & MERGE (Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes) git branch - list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch git branch {branch-name} - create a new branch at the current commit git checkout - switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory git merge {branch} - merge the specified branch’s history into the current one git log - show all commits in the current branch’s history

5. INSPECT & COMPARE (Examining logs, diffs and object information) git log - show the commit history for the currently active branch git diff branch B...branch A - show the diff of what is in branch A that is not in branch B

6. SHARE & UPDATE (Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos) git remote add {alias} {url} - add a git URL as an alias git fetch {alias} - fetch down all the branches from that Git remote git merge {alias}/{branch}- merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date git push {alias} {branch} - Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch git pull - fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch

7. REWRITE HISTORY (Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history) git rebase {branch} - apply any commits of a current branch ahead of specified one git reset --hard {commit} - clear staging area, rewrite working tree from the specified commit

8. TEMPORARY COMMITS (Temporarily store modified, tracked files to change branches) git stash - Save modified and staged changes git stash list - list stack-order of stashed file changes git stash pop - write working from the top of stash stack git stash drop - discard the changes from the top of stash stack